Next-generation Automotive Networking: from CAN and LIN to Ethernet-Based Architectures

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive and integrative analysis of the evolution of in-vehicle communication architectures, combining foundational insights from classical bus systems such as Controller Area Network (CAN) and Local Interconnect Network (LIN) with the latest developments in Ethernet-based architectures. The study highlights the technical, architectural, and functional transformations driving the transition toward high-speed, software-defined vehicular networks capable of supporting data-intensive applications such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), autonomous driving, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. Comparative evaluations of legacy and emerging communication standards are provided, along with an overview of zonal E/E architectures, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), and gateway integration strategies that enable interoperability across heterogeneous domains.