Blockchain-Based Smart Home for Secure Authentication and Authorization

Abstract

: The expansion of smart home (SH) networks introduces security vulnerabilities due to centralized architectures and resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) hardware. Centralized systems remain susceptible to single-point-of-failure vulnerabilities, identity impersonation, and unauthorized session key manipulation. To address these issues, this paper proposes a Blochchain based secure data exchange protocol for smart homes ( BSDE-SH ). The framework utilizes a dual-layer hybrid architecture: high-speed localized message loops among edge routers are validated via a lightweight Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) mechanism ensuring a deterministic 3 f + 1 fault-tolerance quorum, while long-term access policies are executed on an EVM-compatible private Ethereum decentralized runtime. For low-latency session key derivation, BSDE-SH leverages an optimized multi-factor cryptographic hand-shake built upon Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). We evaluate the protocol using Cisco Packet Tracer for network reliability and the MIRACL library for computational performance. Experimental results confirm that our certificate-based scheme completes mutual authentication in three messages with a low computational latency of 11.521 ms , outperforming six state-of-the-art baselines. Furthermore, a prototype deployment evaluated via Ganache and Truffle demonstrates that key operations incur minimal fees, achieving a structural contract execution cost of 1,485,218 gas-reflecting a 412% improvement in overall gas efficiency over conventional benchmarks. Finally, formal security verification via the Scyther framework proves complete resilience against multi-vector adversarial exploits, validating the protocol’s suitability for scalable IoT infrastructure.