Fiber‐Based Wearable Electronics as Adaptive Biointerfaces for Healthcare Applications
Abstract
Fiber‐based wearable electronics provide structurally adaptive platforms for continuous healthcare monitoring, as their breathability, conformability, and textile compatibility support stable operation at dynamic body interfaces. This review examines fiber‐based wearable electronics as adaptive biointerface platforms for healthcare applications, emphasizing how fibrous architectures distribute mechanical deformation, moisture‐heat transport, and signal transmission across multiple structural levels. We first discuss design principles of fiber‐based biointerfaces, including structural decoupling, interfacial material selection, hierarchical architectures, fabrication strategies, and reliability‐oriented evaluation criteria. Representative conductive materials, including metals, liquid metals, carbon nanomaterials, conducting polymers, MXenes, and ionic conductors, are then summarized with emphasis on their integration into fibers, yarns, nanofibrous membranes, and textile platforms. We further discuss mechanical, thermal, and chemical transduction mechanisms that convert physiological and biochemical cues into measurable outputs. Healthcare applications are reviewed, ranging from physiological and biochemical monitoring to wound care and integrated health‐management systems. By organizing recent progress around biointerface design, material integration, sensing mechanisms, and healthcare implementation, this review clarifies the current state of fiber‐based wearable electronics and provides a perspective on the remaining challenges and future development of the field.