Occupational health services in Thailand: system, regulation, and the role of overseas health checkup initiatives

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Occupational health services (OHS) are essential components of public health systems, aiming to prevent work-related diseases, promote safe working environments, and protect workers’ health. Although OHS have been implemented in Thailand, the incidence of occupational health–related fatalities remains high. This study aimed to assess the current status of occupational health service provision for both domestic and migrant workers in Thailand, including the relevant regulatory frameworks and policy arrangements. Methods A narrative policy and systems review was conducted in 2025 to examine the provision of occupational health services in Thailand, the national healthcare system, and relevant laws, policies, and regulations. Results The study revealed that Thailand has legislation mandating health examinations for domestically employed workers exposed to occupational risk factors, regulated by the Ministry of Labour, alongside standards for healthcare facilities delivering occupational health services established by the Ministry of Public Health. However, significant gaps remain, particularly in data integration and, importantly, the absence of a comprehensive occupational health care framework for Thai workers employed overseas. Conclusion Strengthening policy coherence between the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Public Health, together with the establishment of a national occupational safety and health institute, is recommended to support the sustainable development of occupational health services. In addition, international initiatives such as health checkup programs for Thai overseas workers provide a valuable platform for cross-border occupational health surveillance and continuity of care.