Formulation and Testing of Antioxidant Activity of Effervesent Granules From Red Pucuk Leaf Extract (Syzygium Myrtifolium Walp.) And Determination of Total Flavonoid Content

Abstract

Red-tip leaf (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) is an ornamental plant rich in secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids, with potential as a natural antioxidant. This study aimed to formulate the ethanolic extract of red-tip leaf into an effervescent granule, evaluate its physical quality, determine its total flavonoid content, and examine the stability of its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. This laboratory-experimental study used maceration with 70% ethanol, yielding a 24.84% extract recovery with 4.56% moisture content. Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Effervescent granules were prepared in four formulas (F0 negative control, F1 1.5%, F2 2%, F3 3%) by separating the acid and base phases. All formulas met the physical quality requirements for organoleptic properties, flow rate (2.5-6 g/s), angle of repose (23.1°-26°), dissolution time (<5 minutes), pH (5.65-6.07), and moisture content (<2%). A hedonic test on 20 panelists showed the highest acceptance for F2 (82.5%). The IC50 values were 4.389 ppm for vitamin C and 18.614 ppm for the pure extract; after formulation, the granules retained very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 22.958-19.459 ppm. The total flavonoid content of the extract was 15.533 mgQE/g. The red-tip leaf extract was successfully formulated into effervescent granules that meet pharmaceutical physical quality standards while retaining very strong antioxidant efficacy.