Ai-driven Automation, Universal Basic Income and Global Social Security Systems

Abstract

Purpose: This article examines the adequacy of international labour, human rights and trade-law frameworks for managing the digital labour transition driven by artificial intelligence, with attention to Universal Basic Income as a possible component of future social protection. Methodology: Using a qualitative documentary research design, the study analyses international legal instruments, International Labour Organization standards (ILOs), United Nations (UN) human rights frameworks and World Trade Organization (WTO) materials through a four-theme thematic coding structure. Results: International law provides important foundations for technological labour transition through rights to work, social security, non-discrimination and social dialogue, but does not establish Universal Basic Income as an international legal entitlement, while international trade rules facilitate technological diffusion without a comprehensive framework for distributing the social costs of displacement. Conclusions: The article argues for an integrated international framework linking artificial intelligence governance, labour-market transition, social protection, digital trade, skills development and sustainable fiscal mechanisms, while allowing states flexibility in determining whether Universal Basic Income should complement existing social security systems. Limitations: The study relies on documentary evidence rather than empirical labour-market data from affected workers, and rapidly evolving artificial intelligence capabilities mean exposure estimates may shift before policy frameworks are implemented. Contributions: The article offers a conceptual bridge linking labour law, human rights law, trade governance and fiscal policy around managing technological transition while protecting human dignity.