Efficacy of an Electric Mat of Clove Bud (Syzygium Aromaticum L.) Essential Oil as an Anti Mosquito Aedes Aegypti in East Surabaya

Abstract

The increasing resistance of Aedes aegypti to synthetic insecticides necessitates the development of safer and environmentally compatible vector control tools. This study evaluated the efficacy of an electric mat formulated with clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum L.) essential oil against adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes collected from East Surabaya, Indonesia. A laboratory experimental study was conducted using a post-test only control group design. Adult mosquitoes aged 2–5 days were exposed to electric mats containing clove bud essential oil at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.25%, and 1%. Distilled water with 1% ethanol 96% served as the negative control, while a commercial electric mat containing 0.566% dimefluthrin was used as the positive control. Each treatment consisted of four independent replicates with 25 mosquitoes per replicate. Exposure lasted 60 minutes, and mortality was recorded up to 24 hours following World Health Organization guidelines for household insecticide evaluation. Mortality differed significantly among treatments (p < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test).The 1% clove bud oil electric mat produced the highest mortality (92%), followed by 0.25% (82%) and 0.1% (50%). Probit analysis indicated LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of 0.227% and 1.908% (model-derived extrapolation), respectively. Lethal time analysis showed LT₅₀ at 13 minutes for the 0.25% concentration and LT₉₀ at 119 minutes for the 1% concentration. These findings demonstrate that a clove bud essential oil electric mat, particularly at a 1% concentration, is effective as a botanical adulticide against Ae. aegypti under laboratory conditions.