Current application and future direction of artificial intelligence in optometry

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionising optometry by enhancing the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular illnesses. AI-powered tools can help detect age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma earlier and more accurately. By facilitating individualised care, lowering myopia, and expanding access to telemedicine, artificial intelligence is revolutionising the healthcare industry. AI-driven platforms are enabling improvements in disease screening and diagnostic imaging, while the rise of innovations like predictive analytics, AI-enhanced contact lenses, and smart gadgets is transforming optometric practices. Some of the issues, like data quality, algorithmic bias, and integration into clinical workflows, have not been resolved by these developments. Accessing AI technologies might be difficult due to their high costs, particularly in settings with limited resources. Even today, ethical issues like correcting prejudices and guaranteeing equal access to healthcare are important. The focus of this review is on the current applications of AI in optometry, including disease detection, diagnostic imaging, and remote care. Prospects in fields like advanced vision therapy, wearables, smart devices, big data, robotics, virtual reality, predictive analytics, and machine learning are also highlighted. It is emphasized that AI can improve clinical outcomes and close healthcare gaps.