Gate Teleportation vs. Circuit Cutting in Distributed Quantum Computing

Abstract

While distributed quantum computation has primarily utilized circuit cutting, it incurs an exponential growth of sub‐circuit sampling and classical post‐processing overhead with an increasing number of cuts. In contrast, entanglement‐based gate teleportation avoids exponential sampling overhead but requires high‐fidelity quantum interconnects. We model noisy remote (teleported) gates between superconducting qubits entangled via noisy microwave‐to‐optical (M2O) transducers over optical links. We incorporate the effect of the transducer noise added ( Nadd$N_{add}$ ) on the Bell pair state preparation circuit and inject noisy Bell pairs into remote CNOT gates. We perform comparative simulation of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states generated between processor modules using remote gates and gate cuts and study the dependence of the Hellinger fidelity on the dominant error parameter for each approach. We identify break‐even points and regimes where noisy remote gates achieve parity with gate‐cuts. In particular, our work suggests that a 10‐fold reduction in the present M2O transducer noise added figures would favor generating multipartite entangled states with remote gates over circuit cutting. Our work informs near‐term quantum interconnect hardware metrics and motivates a network‐aware hybrid quantum‐classical distributed computation approach, where both quantum links and circuit cuts are employed to minimize quantum runtime.