Analysis and Simulation of Voltage Propagation Characteristics in New Power Systems under Disturbances Based on Electromechanical Wave Theory

Abstract

The evolution of “dual-high” power systems introduces severe voltage stability challenges, as tight transmission-distribution coupling renders traditional lumpedparameter models-which assume instantaneous disturbance propagation-inadequate. This paper introduces electromechanical wave theory to model discrete grids as continuous media, capturing critical spatiotemporal distributions and boundary reflections. We derive continuum partial differential equations incorporating voltage and power angle variables and establish a wave impedance boundary reflection model at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). Through full-link transient simulations, we analyze macroscopic physical delays under short-circuit faults and load variations. Furthermore, we investigate high-impedance positive reflection and standing-wave overshoot phenomena driven by variable high-penetration photovoltaics. These findings offer a robust theoretical foundation for optimizing anti-islanding protection strategies and improving overall system resilience.