Different modelling techniques on compressive behaviour of masonry columns

Abstract

Many existing masonry columns have experienced significant material deterioration, requiring reliable methods for structural assessment and rehabilitation planning. This study evaluates the compressive behaviour of three-dimensional masonry columns under axial compression using two finite element modelling strategies: simplified micro-modelling and macro-modelling. The simplified micro-modelling approach integrates the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) with plasticity-based constitutive laws. Masonry units and mortar joints are represented as enlarged continuum elements, while surface-based cohesive interactions simulate interface behaviour. Material crushing under compression is described using the Drucker–Prager model, and XFEM enables crack initiation and propagation without predefined crack paths. In contrast, the macro-modelling approach represents the masonry column as a homogeneous continuum. Numerical simulations are performed using ABAQUS and validated against experimental data from previous studies. Results indicate that simplified micro-modelling provides more accurate predictions of nonlinear compressive response and failure mechanisms than macro-modelling, demonstrating superior capability for masonry column assessment.