End-to-End Automated Wind-Induced Stress Simulation of Lattice Transmission Towers in Complex Terrain via Physics-Conserving PINN Wind-Field Reconstruction and Graph-Theory-Based DXF Parsing

Abstract

Assessing whether existing lattice towers can survive extreme wind when they are located on ridgelines or at saddle points requires three questions to be answered simultaneously: how the local wind field is modified by the surrounding topography, how the structural geometry recorded in legacy computer-aided design (CAD) drawings can be recovered accurately, and which member fails first and by what mechanism. This paper couples a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) wind solver, jointly constrained by mass and momentum conservation, with a graph-theory-based Drawing Exchange Format (DXF) parser and a closed-loop vulnerability screening module, so that all three questions are answered in a single automated pass. The PINN reconstructs the three-dimensional steady-state wind field over irregular topography in approximately 0.12 s, holding the root-mean-square (RMS) velocity divergence below 2.1 × 10−3 (more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of linear interpolation) while recovering the pressure-gradient-driven acceleration that mass-consistent variational solvers cannot represent. On the CAD side, k-dimensional tree (KD-Tree) spatial indexing combined with breadth-first search (BFS) connected-component analysis resolves the pseudo-disconnections, spurious intersections, and multi-level nested block references that are common in production DXF files, achieving 100% node-merging accuracy across fifteen tower drawings. A unified Vulnerability Index (VI) that combines strength, member stability, and plate buckling into a single scalar, updated through Sherman–Morrison rank-one perturbation at a millisecond cost, closes the diagnose–strengthen–verify loop without re-solving the full stiffness system. Applied to a 220 kV line struck by Super Typhoon Meranti, the pipeline identified seven at-risk members that code-based checking had missed, a result consistent with the recorded field damage, and completed the full assessment in 34.4 s, over three orders of magnitude faster than conventional practice.