Exploring miR-144-3p Expression and its Diagnostic Value in Peri-Implantitis

Abstract

Purpose Micro-RNA (miRNA) is an emerging biomarker for periodontal disease. To determine its diagnostic value in peri-implantitis (PI) and its relationship with inflammatory factors, this study focused on miR-144-3p, potentially providing a much-needed new biomarker for PI. Materials and Methods A total of 98 healthy subjects and 114 PI patients were included in this study. Clinical parameters such as plaque index (PLI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), full-mouth plaque scores (FMPS), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing/suppuration were recorded and compared. The quantification of miR-144-3p was performed using RT-qPCR. The ROC curve assessed the diagnostic value. The chi-squared test was utilized to analyze associations between the clinicopathological characteristics of PI and miR-144-3p level. Risk factors for PI were analyzed using logistic regression. HGFs were treated with LPS as the PI model. miR-144-3p was overexpressed or inhibited by transfection into the PI model. Then, cell viability and inflammatory factors were detected in the PI model. Results Compared to controls, PI patients had statistically significantly higher PLI, SBI, PD, FMPS, CAL, and a higher rate of bleeding on probing/suppuration. The miR-144-3p level was increased and had high diagnostic value in PI. The presence of miR-144-3p was a risk factor for PI. In addition, the miR-144-3p level was closely related to clinical indicators in PI. In the PI model, overexpression of miR-144-3p reduced proliferation and increased inflammatory factor levels, while inhibition of miR-144-3p increased proliferation and reduced inflammatory factor levels. Conclusion miR-144-3p correlated with clinical parameters such as PLI, SBI, PD, FMPS, CAL, and bleeding on probing/suppuration and participated in PI by regulating cell viability and inflammatory factors, supporting its potential as a clinically relevant biomarker for PI.