Sarcopenia Parameters and Physical Performance Across Community and Institutionalized Settings in Older Adults

Abstract

Background: Sarcopenia is a syndrome associated with ageing that causes a decrease in muscle mass and muscle function. Environmental factors play role as risk factors for severe sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine the differences in physical performance, muscle strength, and muscle mass between elderly people living in the community and those living in an institusionalized setting. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved community-dwelling elderly (n=56, age 64.27±3.570) and institutionalized older adult (n=46, age 78.11±7.655) in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia from January–September 2024, using consecutive sampling method. Physical performance was measured using the gait speed test, muscle strength was assessed using handgrip strength, and muscle mass was determined using the Skeletal Muscle Mass Index. Health status was evaluated using sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. Variables were compared using the chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney test.  Results: Elderly in community showed significantly better physical performance (1.05±0.194 vs 0.69±0.406; p<0.001), muscle strength (20.13±6.466 vs 17.79±7.739; p=0.036), and muscle mass (9.83±0.975 vs 9.36±0.900; p=0.013) compared to elderly in institutional setting. There were statistically significant differences in physical performance (p<0.001), muscle strength (p=0.036), and muscle mass (p =0.013) between the two groups.  Conclusion: This study indicates that sarcopenia parameters may vary according to residential location. Elderly individuals living in the community have shown better physical performance, muscle strength and muscle mass, suggesting that sarcopenia interventions should consider the specific needs of each elderly living location.