A FAMA-Based Communication Mechanism for Next-Generation V2X Networks

Abstract

In future intelligent transportation systems (ITS), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication and interaction with the environment guarantee safe autonomous driving. However, in urban environments, high spectral density of signals, signal interference from buildings, and Doppler shifts caused by high speed can significantly affect the proper functioning of fixed antennas compared to conventional systems. To address these problems of vehicle networks, this study represents the first comprehensive introduction of fluid antenna multiple access (FAMA) technology to V2X scenarios. Unlike classical systems, FAMA offers high flexibility by utilizing the spatial diversity of antenna ports without the need for complex and costly RF chains. This dynamic structure minimizes signal attenuation by selecting ports in real time based on channel gain. In our study, a comprehensive analytical framework has been established by integrating antenna fluidity at the physical layer. Simulation results show that the proposed FAMA-based architecture significantly improves V2X link reliability and spectral efficiency compared to standard methods, especially under high mobility and heavy traffic conditions. The results show that allowing spatial freedom of movement for the antenna is a key solution for enabling seamless and highcapacity data transmission in Internet of Vehicles (IoV)-enabled $\mathbf{6 G}$ in-vehicle communication networks.