Morbidity and socio-demographic profile of functionally impaired elderly and its impact on caregiver burden in Kerala

Abstract

Background: Aging populations increase the prevalence of functional impairment, leading to substantial dependence on informal caregivers and a high risk of caregiver burden. Understanding elderly characteristics and morbidity profiles, and how these influence caregiver burden, is vital. The objective of the study was to describe the socio-demographic characteristics and morbidity profile of functionally impaired elderly and examine associations with caregiver burden. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study among 250 functionally impaired elderly and their primary caregivers in Thrissur, Kerala. Socio-demographic and morbidity data (self-report and clinical assessment) for elderly, and Zarit burden interview scores for caregivers, were collected and analysed. Associations were tested using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Results: Out of the 250 elderly, more than half were females and widows. Mean age was 73 years. Common morbidities included visual impairment (52.3%), hypertension (35.2%), diabetes (34.8%), dementia (26%), and urinary incontinence (26%). A vast majority (91.2%) depended heavily on caregivers for their activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).64% of caregivers reported significant burden. Burden was significantly higher (p<0.05) among those caring for elderly with dementia, mental health issues, cancer, urinary incontinence, and those highly dependent for ADLs. Conclusions: Elderly with cognitive, psychiatric, oncologic, or incontinence-related morbidities and those highly dependent in ADLs contribute notably to caregiver burden, highlighting a need for targeted support.