Dual-Band Graphene-Based Patch Antenna for Terahertz Imaging and Future 6G Communication Systems

Abstract

This paper presents the design and analysis of a graphene-based patch antenna for tera-hertz (THz) communication applications. The proposed antenna has a compact footprint of 60 µ m × 60 µ m and employs an inset-fed modified graphene patch to achieve dual-band operation. The antenna exhibits resonances at 0.58 THz and 1.01 THz, with |S 11 | below − 30 dB, indicating excellent impedance matching. The tunability of graphene is investigated by varying the chemical potential and relaxation time, and the antenna performance is optimized accordingly. It is observed that higher values of chemical potential and relaxation time enhance the surface conductivity of graphene, resulting in improved impedance matching and radiation efficiency. A detailed parametric study is also carried out by varying the dimensions of the slot etched on the patch. The results demonstrate that slot dimensions significantly influence both impedance matching and resonance frequency tuning. The antenna achieves a gain > 2.53 dBi and total efficiency exceeding 60% across both operating bands. The radiation patterns in both E-and H-planes are nearly omnidirectional at 0.58 THz and 1.01 THz, making the design suitable for near-field THz applications. The electromagnetic performance of the proposed graphene patch antenna is analyzed using CST Microwave Studio.