Organización política de las trabajadoras migrantes del hogar y los cuidados: prácticas políticas y reivindicaciones digitales

Abstract

This article examines the political organizing and advocacy of migrant domestic and care workers in Spain through their mobilization on social media, an area that has received little scholarly attention. Focusing on collectives, associations, and labor unions composed and led primarily by migrant women, the article adopts a digital ethnographic methodology informed by feminist and intersectional perspectives to center these workers' voices while examining their political practices and demands. This approach offers an original analysis that contributes to the social, political, and academic recognition of migrant domestic and care workers as political actors at the forefront of collective struggle, resistance, and social transformation. The analysis begins with the social organization of care to examine the transnational inequalities that sustain this regime across the intersecting axes of gender, class, and migration status. It argues that this model rests on the systematic discrimination, precarization, and exploitation of workers from the Global South. In response to these conditions, migrant domestic and care workers in Spain have developed processes of political organizing, extending their mobilization into digital spaces. Against this backdrop, the article examines the continuities between the political practices and advocacy pursued by migrant domestic and care workers through in-person organizing and those developed through their online mobilization. It also considers how these forms of political action have been reconfigured in digital environments while remaining firmly rooted in the collective struggles forged in face-to-face spaces. Drawing on both a theoretical framework and an analysis of social media practices and discourse, this approach makes it possible to identify the movement's most significant achievements, its ongoing struggles, the challenges it continues to face, and the rights that have yet to be recognized and guaranteed.