Tools to Combat Artificial Intelligence-Generated  Disinformation in the Digital Ecosystem: Future Challenges and Solutions

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is having a significant impact on the process of information verification, a crucial component in efforts to combat digital disinformation. Despite substantial academic and professional support in this field, the rapid expansion and accessibility of AI have given rise to challenges that require renewed research efforts. This study utilises a systematised review of the scientific literature available in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases from 2020 to 2024 with the objective of contributing to this field. The study employs an analytical approach to examine strategies, methods, challenges, and potential solutions to counter AI-generated disinformation. The findings reveal the constant evolution and increasing sophistication of AI-manipulated content, which surpasses the current verification capacities of both media outlets and users. The primary lines of action identified across academia, industry, and the legislative and social spheres are also categorised. A key theme is the need to enhance access to and usability of verification tools. Such tools must be readily accessible to both media professionals and users who lack technical expertise. The analysis also underscores the importance of enhanced algorithmic transparency and the adoption of more interpretable models. It further proposes the development of new media literacy strategies tailored to the current context. Finally, the study advocates for the establishment of effective mechanisms to track and regulate content that has been modified or generated by AI. This research contributes to the ongoing debate and aims to serve as a reference for addressing this challenge from a multidisciplinary perspective.