Investigating AI Literacy of Prospective Teachers and its Impact on their Academic Achievement in Pakistan

Abstract

In an era of rapid globalization and technological advancement, artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming educational practices, learner interactions, and cognitive processes, highlighting the urgent need for all nations to develop AI-driven systems to promote sustainable and progressive growth in education. Teachers can play a crucial part in influencing and promoting the integration of AI in teaching-learning environments for a sustainable future, particularly in developing countries. The present study investigated prospective teachers’ AI literacy and its impact on their academic achievement in the context of Pakistan. The study is descriptive in nature, and the survey method was used. A random sampling technique was used to collect the data. The sample consists of 615 prospective teachers (494 females and 121 males). A questionnaire was used to measure the AI literacy of prospective teachers across four key indicators: teachers’ knowledge and awareness, attitude, use and apply and ethics. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were ensured through expert opinion and Cronbach's alpha reliability. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 26. The study found that prospective teachers have a moderate level of knowledge and awareness of AI, they have a moderately positive attitude towards using AI, and they often use AI in their academics. Moreover, they reported moderate knowledge of AI ethics. However, the present study found no significant impact of using AI on prospective teachers’ academic achievement. The study suggested that future research should employ multiple methods to assess teachers' AI literacy, thereby controlling bias. Additionally, prospective teachers should undergo formal training in utilizing AI to enhance the teaching-learning process and promote students’ learning experiences. Based on the findings, it is recommended that artificial intelligence be integrated into teacher education, emphasizing practical applications to better prepare future educators for technology-driven classrooms.