Application of Composite Materials in the Lightweight Design of Wind Turbine Blades

Abstract

In the process of global transition towards sustainable energy infrastructures, continuous optimization of mechanical design parameters of wind energy harvesting is required. The blades of wind turbines are aerodynamic parts that are related to efficiency, structural stability and mass of the material. This is a narrative review to examine the development of composite materials in lightweight blade architectures. Standard Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP), advanced Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) and emerging Carbon Glass Hybrid configurations are evaluated by engineers. Structural optimization is done based on multi objective criteria. The objectives of this study are fatigue resistance, tensile strength and weight reduction. This paper summarizes the present research needs in weight reduction strategies, including material evolution, advanced manufacturing paradigms like Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) and end of life recycling challenges. The review identifies emerging wind energy trends including full digital simulation, and the shift to recyclable thermoplastic resins as part of a circular economy.