Fundamental Limitations of the Diffusion Paradigm and the Electroacoustic Mechanism of Intercellular Transport in the Phylogenesis of Multicellular Systems

Abstract

lternative title / Subtitle: How the Cell Became an Organism This paper establishes a monolithic physical and anatomical foundation for a new paradigm in cellbiophysics, challenging the dogmatic biochemical paradigm of classical physiology, which posits thatintercellular transport and tissue coordination occur exclusively via passive diffusion. Based on the lawsof thermodynamics and kinetics, it is demonstrated that free diffusion is physically unsustainable formaintaining the homeostatic invariance of extended cellular pools due to the inevitable decay of the concentration gradient. As an alternative, a deterministic electroacoustic mechanism for directional resourceredistribution is formulated, which emerged in eukaryote phylogenesis as a result of a sustained mitoticdivision failure forming a cellular doublet. Within the developed model, the cytoreticulum is viewed asthe cell’s “primary auditory apparatus”—a nonlinear resonator acting as a Fourier analyzer that decomposes incoming wave packets under external impulses to form a discrete reference frequency spectrum.It is shown that a chronic intracellular energy deficit, which limits the plastic repair of membrane structures, leads to local deformations in the resonator geometry, causing a physical failure of the referencefrequency (acoustic dissonance) clinically interpreted as tissue tonus. This signal is detected by adjacentresonators, triggering targeted hydrodynamic transport of substrates through membrane bridge channels.This wave concept is verified by the anatomical structure of the blood-brain barrier (the brain’s discreteglial conveyor) and the clinical picture of chronological somatic aging, where the fading of the externalcapillary pulse driver critically disrupts intercellular wave transport, inducing systemic tissue dystrophy