Strength-degradation phase-field regularization of cohesive fracture: the antiplane case

Abstract

Phase-field approaches to fracture, initially designed as regularization of the Griffith model of brittle fracture, are now commonly viewed as gradient-damage models whose regularization length becomes a material property driving crack nucleation. One weakness of this approach is that the strength surface cannot be arbitrary: its shape is dictated by the elastic energy, and its magnitude by the regularization length. We focus on the antiplane version of the model introduced by Bourdin, Marigo, Maurini and Zolesi (arXiv:2506.22558), which handles crack propagation along unknown paths and nucleation governed by an arbitrary convex strength surface by degrading the strength instead of the stiffness. It can be interpreted as a regularization of softening plasticity in which localization bands obey an equivalent cohesive law set by the strength domain and the toughness, while the role of the regularization length, when small compared to the elasto-cohesive length, is purely numerical. Strength, stiffness, and toughness thus become independent material data, and limit analysis, perfect plasticity, cohesive fracture, and brittle fracture merge into a single variational framework. We derive closed-form solutions for a simple shear problem, propose a numerical scheme combining alternate minimization and conic programming, and numerically verify the equivalent cohesive law, its independence of the regularization, and the size effect governed by the elasto-cohesive length. A"surfing"simulation highlights the structure of the propagating crack while a re-entrant V-notch is used to show how the model bridges small-scale yielding, cohesive fracture, and brittle fracture without a priori hypotheses.