EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE DETECTION RATES FOR MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN THE VOLOGDA REGION

Abstract

Significance. To date, the rates of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system in the Russian Federation are increasing. In the Vologda Region, the epidemiological situation also remains unfavorable. To tackle this problem, an assessment of the existing screening programs in the region is necessary. Purpose. To analyze the epidemiological situation on malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system and to evaluate the organization of cancer care delivery with a focus on early detection of this pathology in the Vologda Region for the period from 2009 to 2023. Material and methods. Based on statistical data from the P. Hertsen Moscow oncology research institute and the Territorial office of the Federal state statistics service for the Vologda Region for the period 2009–2023, the following indicators were obtained: absolute incidence rates; standardized mortality rates; active detection rates; one-year case fatality rates; the proportion of patients followed up for 5 years or more; the proportion of cases detected at stages I–II; and the rate of morphological verification of malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system. Results. In 2023, the proportion of patients with malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system in the overall female incidence structure in the Vologda Region equaled 38.9%. The standardized rates of mortality from the studied localizations among women in the region exceeded those for Russia as a whole. The highest active detection rate was registered among patients with cervical cancer (50.5%), while the lowest one was reported for ovarian cancer (8.5%). The detection rate for breast cancer at early stages increased by 26.7%, whereas for cervical cancer a decrease of 25.4% was noted. One-year case fatality rates and the proportion of patients followed up for 5 years or more after diagnosis of breast, uterine body, or ovarian cancer showed a downward trend. Conclusion. The ongoing instability of the epidemiological situation requires close attention from the regional healthcare system to improve detection of malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system. The use of inadequate preventive methods has contributed to an increase in morbidity and a decline in early-stage detection in the studied region. Scope of application. Modernization of the existing and development of new methods for detecting malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system within the regional healthcare system. Keywords: malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system; Vologda Region; organization of cancer care; clinical screening; preventive examinations.