The M-Eye-Opia Study: Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Keratoconus And Astigmatism In Myopes

Abstract

Background: Myopia is one of the most common refractive disorders worldwide and is frequently associated with astigmatism and corneal ectatic disorders such as keratoconus. Early identification of keratoconus in myopic individuals is essential for timely intervention and prevention of visual deterioration. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of astigmatism and keratoconus among myopic patients and to analyze their association with the severity of myopia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 myopic patients aged 10–40 years attending the ophthalmology outpatient department. Detailed ophthalmic evaluation including visual acuity assessment, refraction, slit-lamp examination, keratometry, and corneal topography was performed. Myopia was categorized into low, moderate, and high myopia. The prevalence of astigmatism and keratoconus was analyzed and correlated with age, gender, and severity of myopia. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate tests, and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of patients belonged to the 16–20 years age group (27%), with females constituting 54% of the study population. Low myopia was the most common type (42%), followed by moderate (36%) and high myopia (22%). Astigmatism was present in 63% of patients. Keratoconus was identified in 15% of cases overall and showed a progressive increase with myopia severity, being highest among high myopes (31.8%). Keratoconus was more common among younger patients and males. Significant associations were observed between keratoconus and severity of myopia (P <0.001). Conclusion: Astigmatism and keratoconus are common among myopic individuals, particularly in patients with moderate and high myopia. Routine corneal screening and topographic evaluation are recommended for early detection and management of keratoconus in myopic patients.