Bread wheat lines for grain yield stability using AMMI and GGE biplot analysis

Abstract

The study focused on assessing the stability of 55 F5:8 bread wheat genotypes across multiple locations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Using an alpha lattice design over two years during 2014 and 2015, researchers analyzed the genotype × environment (GE) interaction and its impact on grain yield. Results from the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis highlighted significant GE interactions influencing grain yield variability. Genotypes, environments, and their interaction contributed 9.0 %, 35.1 %, and 28.9 %, respectively, to total explainable phenotypic variation, respectively. Certain genotypes, such as G17, G45, and G40 showed average yield at well across different environments, while G58, G53 and G1 excelled in specific environments. GGE biplot analysis identified stable genotypes (e.g., G51, G36, and G53) and grouped environments into mega-environments based on yield performance. The AMMI and GGE biplot analyses explained similar proportions of the genotype × environment interaction (56.1 % and 55.5 %, respectively). Because the two methods have complementary objectives, AMMI was used to investigate GE interaction patterns, whereas GGE biplot facilitated genotype evaluation, mega-environment identification, and visualization of genotype performance, the two methods should be regarded as complementary rather than competing tools for evaluating genotype performance across environments.