Effect of Foliar Application of Grape and Pumpkin Seed Oils on Productivity and Chemical Composition of Garlic Under Salinity Condition

Abstract

This research was carried out at Wadi El Natrun, Beheira Governorate, Egypt, during two seasons (2024-2025 and 2025-2026) in saline sandy soil. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of grape seed oil (GO) and pumpkin seed oil (PO) at three concentrations (3, 6 and 9 ml/l) on productivity and phytochemical composition of Allium sativum L. under salinity stress. The experiments were designed with three replicates in a completely randomized blocks design. PO and GO at 9 ml of each showed highest values of vegetative growth and bulb yield/feddan. GO at 9 ml increased antioxidants, chlorophyll, and the K/Na ratio as K % increased. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for the three garlic extract revealed organo sulfur compounds, fatty acids, and sugar derivatives. GO at 9 ml treatment showed the highest abundance of Trisulfide, di-2-propenyl (41.06 %) compared to control. GO at 9 ml treatment increase the stabilization of these compounds compared to control, also glucopyranoside derivatives and n-Hexa decanoic acid was detected. The variation in the concentration of these metabolites indicated the treatments have a vital role in the stability of the active phytochemicals. These results indicate that GO at 9 ml treatment as an eco-friendly, cost-effective bio stimulant for improving productivity and phytochemical quality of garlic in saline sandy soils.