The Second Gulf War and its Regional and International Repercussions (August 1990 – February 1991)

Abstract

The Second Gulf War, which lasted from the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 until the liberation of Kuwait by an Arab coalition in 1991, was one of the most significant events in the Arab world in the late 20th century. It had profound repercussions for the Arab world's present and future, attracting the attention of numerous scholars and experts due to its underlying motives, complexities, and potential ramifications for the Arab nation and the world at large. This war marked a pivotal turning point in the region's history, revealing the extent of the political, military, and economic challenges facing Arab states at the time. It also exposed the fragility of the regional security system and the failure of diplomatic efforts to prevent the crisis from escalating. The war contributed to a reshaping of the balance of power in the Middle East and paved the way for extensive international interventions that directly influenced regional decisions and policies for many years to come. Moreover, its aftermath led to fundamental changes in the economic structures of many countries, particularly those affected by rising oil prices or those burdened by the financial costs of participating in the liberation operations. Moreover, the war sparked widespread debates about the concept of international legitimacy and the role of the United Nations in managing international crises, in addition to its profound impact on Arab public opinion, which found itself facing a new phase of conflicts and alliances. Thus, the Second Gulf War became a pivotal event; Subsequent developments in the region cannot be understood without carefully examining its contexts and consequences.