Stafne Bone Defect of the Mandible: Radiologic Features and Diagnostic Considerations from a Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Stafne bone defect (SBD) is a rare, benign mandibular concavity usually detected incidentally on radiographic examinations. Although generally considered a static anatomical variation, its location and radiologic appearance may mimic cystic or neoplastic lesions. This article reviews the historical background, etiopathogenesis, imaging characteristics, anatomical variants, and differential diagnosis of SBD and presents a representative clinical case. A narrative literature search was conducted to contextualize the clinical and radiologic features of SBD. An incidental mandibular radiolucency was evaluated using panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). SBD is typically described as a well-defined unilocular radiolucency below the mandibular canal associated with a lingual cortical depression containing salivary gland tissue. CBCT and magnetic resonance imaging improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate identification of atypical variants, including anterior, condylar, buccal, bilateral, and multilocular defects. In the present case, CBCT confirmed a lingual cortical concavity without cortical expansion or root involvement, supporting conservative management. Recognition of the radiologic spectrum of SBD is essential to establish an accurate diagnosis and avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.