Biomimetic Bromocholine-Functionalized Nanocarriers for Quercetin Delivery: Integrating Spectroscopy and Molecular Docking to Elucidate Protein Interactions and Wound-Healing Activity.

Abstract

Designing multifunctional nanocarriers that integrate controlled drug delivery, favorable protein interactions, and accelerated tissue repair remains a key challenge in nanomedicine. In this study, we have engineered a magnetically responsive, biocompatible Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticle functionalized with a bromocholine-based ionic liquid. This surface design enabled efficient encapsulation and sustained release of the hydrophobic anticancer drug quercetin over 72 h under physiological conditions. Given the critical role of plasma protein adsorption in determining nanomaterial fate, systematic interaction studies with human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated using spectroscopic analyses, molecular docking, and esterase-like activity assays. The results showed that the nanocarriers exhibited stable protein binding with minimal conformational perturbation and preserved enzymatic activity, indicating excellent biocompatibility. Further, in an in vivo wound healing model, topical application of quercetin-loaded nanocarriers at 500 ppm led to rapid wound closure, with significant wound reduction observed within 3 h. The magnetic core further offers potential for external guidance to wound sites. Overall, this bromocholine-functionalized platform combines tunable drug release, biointerfacial compatibility, and rapid healing efficacy, making it a promising candidate for advanced wound therapy.