The Transformation of Religious Contracts in the Dekekan Tradition from the Perspective of Maslahah Mursalah: A Study of the Rural Community in Kupang Village, Jabon Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency

Abstract

The Dekekan tradition in Kupang Village, Jabon Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency, provides communal assistance for walimatul ‘ursy. Contributions originally understood as voluntary gifts (hibah or tabarru’) are increasingly perceived as social debts that must be repaid, raising questions about their status under Islamic law. This study examines the practice, the role of customary elites, and the shift from voluntary giving to debt through the perspective of maslahah mursalah. Qualitative field research drew on participatory observation, in-depth interviews with community members, religious leaders, and customary elites, and documentation. The data were organized and analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate that Dekekan strengthens solidarity and reciprocity while easing the host family’s financial burden. Customary elites sustain its norms, mediate disputes, and legitimize the practice. However, treating contributions as debts may introduce gharar, dharar, and social burdens when repayment is expected without mutual consent. From a maslahah mursalah perspective, the tradition serves a hajjiyah-level benefit when it preserves collective welfare, consent, and Islamic principles. The study supports preserving Dekekan while reaffirming the voluntary nature of contributions.