Prevention of Work Accidents in the Construction Sector: Study on the Activity of Slope Support

Abstract

Accidents in excavation and slope support remain a critical issue in construction, especially in Romania, where fatality rates surpass European averages. This study examines accident causes and prevention strategies using a mixed-method approach: systematic literature review, statistical analysis (Eurostat and Romanian Labour Inspection, 2014–2023), case studies, and cost–benefit analysis. Results show 187 fatal accidents in Romania during the period, 68% of which were caused by collapses, with a severity index of 8.1, compared to the EU average of 4.7. Case studies revealed contrasting outcomes: wooden supports in a sewer project led to near-miss collapses, mechanized trench boxes in highway works ensured safe operations, and diaphragm walls with real-time monitoring prevented failures and avoided losses exceeding €1.2 million. Cost–benefit analysis confirmed all preventive measures were economically viable, with advanced monitoring reducing accidents by up to 35% and yielding the highest returns. These findings demonstrate that proactive investments in modern safety technologies are both life-saving and financially sustainable. The study highlights the importance of implementing rigorous prevention measures, including staff training, the use of personal protective equipment, continuous monitoring of the condition of embankments and strict compliance with safety regulations.