Enablers and barriers to Industry 5.0 implementation for building enterprise resilience to crises

Abstract

The aim of this article is to identify factors that facilitate and hinder the implementation of the Industry 5.0 concept in the context of building enterprise resilience to crises. The rationale for undertaking this topic stems from the growing frequency of economic, technological, and environmental disruptions, which expose the limitations of existing industrial systems and highlight the need to transition toward human‑centric, more sustainable and resilient business models. The scope of the analysis covers scientific literature published between 2015 and 2025 on digital transformation, Industry 5.0, and business resilience. The subject of the study includes technological, social, economic, ecological, and political‑legal factors influencing the implementation of Industry 5.0. It is assumed that the adoption of 5.0 technologies is shaped by both enablers and barriers, and that their simultaneous interaction affects enterprises’ ability to adapt the Industry 5.0 concept in the context of building resilience to crises. The findings indicate that the key enablers of Industry 5.0 implementation in this context include the development of advanced technologies, rising societal expectations for sustainable and personalized production, and increasing regulatory and environmental pressures. At the same time, significant barriers include high implementation costs, technological immaturity, challenges. The authors present the implications of their research findings for the activities of enterprises and institutions, as well as for the development of education and research. The study is based on a structured narrative literature review aimed at synthesizing the main categories of enablers and barriers discussed in the literature.