Integrated sensing-communication-computing for intelligent 6G networking: a comprehensive survey

Abstract

As a core enabling architecture for 6G, Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Computation(ISCC) emerges as a pivotal solution to overcome the performance bottlenecks of traditional networks through the deep convergence and synergistic optimization of communication, sensing, and computing functionalities. This paper first systematically examines the technological evolution of networking architectures, providing a detailed analysis of the characteristics and application scenarios of distributed networking architectures and intelligent endogenous networking architectures. Subsequently, it summarizes key optimization strategies, including resource coordination and intelligent scheduling, while elaborating on their respective technical approaches and performance outcomes. Finally, the paper identifies future research directions, such as the development of lightweight security mechanisms, and the deeper integration of artificial intelligence and network control. This work offers a comprehensive reference for the theoretical refinement, technological innovation, and engineering implementation of 6G ISCC networking. This study adopts a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, with the literature search encompassing publications from 2015 to 2025 in three major academic databases: IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Elsevier Scopus.