Kisspeptin-54 and Phoenixin-14 as Novel Neuroendocrine Biomarkers of Recurrent Miscarriage: Associations with Reproductive and Thyroid Hormones and Diagnostic Performance

Abstract

Pregnancy loss is a common clinical problem and around 15% of all recognized pregnancies will end in an early pregnancy loss. Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the consecutive loss of two or more pregnancies before 24 weeks of gestation is a profoundly difficult condition impacting 1% to 2% of women, many remains idiopathic, which in turn might be indicate to a communication breakdown within the body's neuro-endocrine network. this research seeks to determine if a primary failure in these master neuropeptides ultimately drives the hormonal imbalance associated with early pregnancy loss. To explore this missing link, the main objective of this study is to assess the serum levels of two master brain signals Kisspeptin-54 and Phoenixin-14 and their association with routine endocrine parameters (Progesterone [PG] and Prolactin [PRL], Thyroid Stimulating Hormone TSH, Triiodothyronine T3 and Thyroxin T4). The 120 women sample was evaluated, collected 60 patients with recurrent miscarriage and 60 healthy pregnant as control.  The comparison of these biomarkers in two different reproductive age groups (18-27 years and 28-40 years). One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis and the overall model was found to be highly statistically significant. The laboratory result for recurrent miscarriage patients had highly decreased serum levels of Kisspeptin-54, Phoenixin-14, T3, T4 and PG as compared to the healthy controls. At the same time, their PRL and TSH volume was soaring, which is the symptom of a severe case of hyperprolactinemia and thyroid distress. Phoenixin-14 was found to have a statistically significant difference between all age-groups.