Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical, Potential Toxic Metals and Microbiological Properties of Potable Waters in Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the levels of physicochemical, potentially toxic metals and microbiological properties of drinking water supplied in some selected facilities in Bonny Island, Nigeria. Samples of water were collected from Nigeria liquefied natural Gas(NLNG), Saipem and Shell corporation facilities bimonthly for six months and a total of 21 samples were collected. The samples collected were transported to the laboratory and analyzed for pH, EC, Turbidity, Nitrate, Cl-, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, total coliform and fecal coliform using standard procedure described by APHA and the values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA), and compared with WHO and Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS) permissible limits for drinking water. The results of pH ranged from (6.60-7.40), EC (20-170), TDS (10-90), SO4 2- (6.11-9.56), Cl- (3.19 - 4.25), NO3 - (0.49-0.65), NO2 (0.01), Mg (< 0.001 - 0.33), Na (2.79-4.21), K (< 0.001 -2.80), Ca (< 0.001 - 0.29), hardness (16-28), while ammonia, turbidity, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb were < 0.001 mg/L. The levels of total coliform and fecal coliform were < 0.003 ml. The analyzed physicochemical, metal, and microbiological parameters were within WHO and NIS permissible limits, indicating the water quality was good and safe for consumption. Consumption of contaminated water will result in serious health issues such as gastrointestinal problem, liver inflammation, suppression of immune system and kidney failure. Thus, water with low levels of potential toxic metals and coliform is void of these health issues. However, routine check and monitoring on the quality of water supplied for consumption in Bonny island is of essence to ensure residents' health and safety.