Spatial support for urban planning monitoring of regional land use: problematic aspects and directions for improvement

Abstract

The article substantiates the need to improve the spatial support of urban planning monitoring of regional land use under conditions of digital transformation, decentralization, and increasing requirements for the validity of territorial management decisions. It is established that the current system in Ukraine remains fragmented and does not provide coordinated collection, updating, integration, analysis, and publication of geospatial information. Data from the State Land Cadastre, urban planning cadastres, the Unified State Electronic System in the Construction Sector, the National Spatial Data Infrastructure, and regional geoportals differ in structure, level of detail, relevance, and accessibility, which complicates their joint analytical use. The study systematizes five interrelated groups of problematic aspects: institutional and organizational, regulatory and methodological, information and technical, analytical and visualization, and public communication. Their cause-and-effect relationships are identified. Regulatory uncertainty leads to an unclear distribution of responsibilities, institutional fragmentation causes duplication of functions and irregular data updating, while heterogeneous formats, incomplete attributes, and outdated spatial layers limit automated analysis and forecasting. The insufficient development of analytical modules, historical archives, open geoservices, and feedback mechanisms reduces the transparency and effectiveness of urban planning monitoring. A typology of the main deficiencies in spatial support is proposed according to their functional affiliation, manifestation, and impact on monitoring effectiveness. The conceptual principles of a new integrated model are substantiated, including multilevel coordination, unified input data formats, cyclic updating, interoperability, openness, and automation. Six directions for improvement are defined: institutional, regulatory, technological, informational, and analytical and visualization, and communication. The proposed model provides for the establishment of regional GIS analytics centers, standardization of indicators and metadata, integration of remote sensing data, implementation of WMS and WFS services, preservation of historical versions of spatial layers, and application of automated change detection and scenario modeling methods. Its implementation will enable the transition from fragmented accumulation of information to a continuous monitoring cycle and will improve the timeliness, transparency, and analytical validity of regional land-use management decisions.