Economic and low-carbon operation scheduling strategy for photovoltaic-storage microgrid in highway service areas based on mixed-integer linear programming

Abstract

With the advancement of the “dual-carbon” target and the rapid growth of electric vehicles, highway service areas, as key nodes in transportation-energy integration systems, face increasing challenges due to source-load uncertainty and stricter low-carbon constraints. To address this issue, this paper develops a day-ahead scheduling model for a photovoltaic-storage microgrid based on Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP), considering electricity purchasing cost, carbon emission cost, photovoltaic curtailment penalty, and energy storage degradation cost. Three scheduling strategies, including economic priority, low-carbon priority, and economic-low-carbon integrated coordination, are designed for comparative analysis. Case study results show that the proposed model can effectively reduce operating cost and peak grid power while achieving a balanced trade-off between economic performance and carbon emissions, providing a practical reference for optimal operation of highway service area microgrids.