The Relationship Between Social Media Usage, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), and Sleep Quality Among University Students

Abstract

The widespread use of social media among university students has raised concerns regarding its impact on psychological and physiological well-being. This study investigates the relationships between social media usage, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), and sleep quality, with a particular focus on the mediating and moderating role of FoMO. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 412 undergraduate students, using validated instruments including the Social Media Use Integration Scale (SMUIS), the Fear of Missing Out Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, hierarchical regression, and structural equation modeling. Results indicate that social media usage is positively associated with FoMO, which in turn is negatively associated with sleep quality. Moreover, FoMO moderates the relationship between social media usage and sleep quality, amplifying the negative effect for students with higher levels of FoMO. These findings suggest that FoMO functions as both a cognitive-emotional mediator and a vulnerability factor, linking digital engagement to sleep disruption. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of digital behavior and health psychology, highlighting the importance of cognitive-emotional mechanisms in shaping behavioral and physiological outcomes. Practically, the results underscore the need for interventions aimed at promoting responsible social media use, reducing FoMO, and improving sleep quality among university students. The study provides empirical evidence for the development of educational programs, counseling strategies, and digital tools designed to enhance student well-being in the context of pervasive social media use.