Correlation of Sonomammography and Histopathology/Cytology in the Detection of Breast Cancer: A Structured Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Early diagnosis is essential for enhancing survival and treatment outcomes. Sonomammography, which combines ultrasound and mammography, improves lesion detection and characterization, especially in women with dense breast tissue. However, histopathology and cytology remain the gold standards for definitive diagnosis. Objective: This narrative review evaluates the diagnostic correlation and reliability of sonomammography compared to histopathology and cytology in breast cancer detection. Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The search included studies from 2015 to 2025, focusing on the correlation between sonomammography and histopathology/cytology. Results: Sonomammography demonstrates high sensitivity and moderate specificity, with good concordance with histopathological outcomes. This enhances diagnostic confidence and minimizes unnecessary invasive procedures. However, operator dependence and lesion variability can affect diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: Sonomammography is an effective tool for breast cancer screening and diagnosis, particularly when combined with histopathological assessment. This integrated approach improves early detection, diagnostic accuracy, and patient outcomes.