Jul 2026· Medicra (Journal of Medical Laboratory Science/Technology)· Vol 9, pp. 15-21· 0 citations· 19 references
TL;DR
It can be concluded that the methanol extract of G. tetrandra fruit skin is able to reduce liver MDA levels in peritonitis model mice so that it can be said to have the potential as a candidate for anti-inflammatory drugs.
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MDA) can reveal the oxidation processes occurring within cell membranes and is a reliable and accurate biomarker of oxidative stress. Increased levels of MDA are linked to pathological situations damage to blood vessel walls, heart disease, and cancer. Garcinia tetrandra Pierre, a Garcinia species that is rich in secondary metabolite compounds but has not been widely studied. This study aims to evaluate MDA levels in liver tissue homogenates of rats in a carrageenan-induced peritonitis model. This study began with a qualitative test of secondary metabolites to analyze the content of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolics. In vivo tests using 30 male Wistar The rats were split up into six groups: the standard drugs group, the G. tetrandra methanolic extract treatment group dose of 200 mg/kg BW (P1), dose of 400 mg/kg BW (P2), and dose of 600 mg/kg BW (P3), the positive control group, and the negative control group. Liver tissue was made into homogenate to measure MDA levels using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method. The results showed that the MDA levels in the liver of the treatment group were significantly different from the positive control group (P<0.05). This is supported by the presence of secondary metabolite compounds that are radical scavenging. It can be concluded that the methanol extract of G. tetrandra fruit skin is able to reduce liver MDA levels in peritonitis model mice so that it can be said to have the potential as a candidate for anti-inflammatory drugs.
Background: Lead toxicity is one of the most harmful heavy metal poisonings in humans and animals. It affects the kidneys’ ability to excrete waste and toxic substances, thereby causing oxidative stress, inflammation and kidney damage.
Aims: This study investigated the effects of ethanol leaf extract of Momordica balsamina on renal function parameters and oxidative markers in lead-induced nephrotoxic Wistar rats.
Methodology: Acute toxicity testing was conducted using Lorke’s (1983) method. Thirty (30) healthy adult Wistar rats, weighing 180–200 g and obtained from the Animal House of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, were randomly divided into six (6) groups of five (5) rats each. Group I served as the normal control and received standard feed and water. Group II (negative control) received 50 mg/kg lead acetate only for 14 days. Group III (positive control) received 50 mg/kg lead acetate for 14 days and was then treated with 70 mg/kg silymarin for 28 days. Groups IV, V and VI received 50 mg/kg lead acetate for 14 days and were then treated with graded doses of ethanol leaf extract of Momordica balsamina (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively) for 28 days. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses. The oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase), and renal function parameters, including sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, urea and creatinine, were determined using standard laboratory methods.
Results: Lead acetate administration significantly increased serum MDA, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea and creatinine levels, with significant reductions in catalase, superoxide dismutase and bicarbonate levels when compared with the normal control. However, treatment with ethanol leaf extract of Momordica balsamina caused a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, improved antioxidant enzyme activity and improved renal function parameters when compared with the negative control group.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that ethanol leaf extract of M. balsamina produced no visible toxic effect even at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. The leaf extract of M. balsamina ameliorated oxidative stress and reduced the functional impact of lead toxicity on the kidneys by improving renal function.
N. Fakai, M. H. Yeldu, U. Wali et al.· Asian Journal of Biochemistr...· 0 citations
Overall, chrysin demonstrates potent protective potential against PFOA-induced liver injury and may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for environmental toxin-associated hepatotoxicity.
A. B. Awolesi, Moses C. Antiya, S. A. Praise· Innovative Medicines & O...· 0 citations
Introduction: Paracetamol (PCM) overdose is a major contributor to acute liver failure, mainly resulting from oxidative stress and the depletion of Glutathione (GSH) triggered by its toxic byproduct, N-Acetyl-P-Benzoquinone Imine (NAPQI). Conventional hepatoprotective agents have limitations, prompting interest in medicinal plants. Tagetes patula (French marigold), traditionally used for hepatic disorders, contains flavonoids and terpenoids with potential antioxidant activity, but its hepatoprotective effects remain underexplored.
Aim: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Aqueous Extract of Tagetes patula flowers (AETP) against PCM-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Materials and Methods: This an experimental animal study was conducted at the Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, India from November 2021 to May 2022. A total of 25 adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups (n=5). Group I received vehicle (control), Group II received PCM (2 g/kg; toxic control), Group III received PCM + silymarin (25 mg/kg; standard), and Groups IV and V received PCM + AETP (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively) for seven days. Serum AST, ALT, and ALP levels were measured, and liver histology was examined. Data were analysed using one-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc test.
Results: The PCM caused significant elevation of AST, ALT, and ALP (p<0.001) and severe histopathological damage. Silymarin markedly reduced enzyme levels and preserved hepatic architecture. AETP treatment produced a dosedependent hepatoprotective effect: 200 mg/kg partially improved biochemical and histological parameters, while 400 mg/kg significantly reduced enzyme levels (p<0.05 vs toxic) and showed improved hepatic architecture.
Conclusion: The AETP flower extract demonstrates dosedependent protective effects on the liver against PCM-induced liver injury, likely attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals. Additional research is required to elucidate its underlying mechanisms and validate its therapeutic efficacy
Abhishek Bhattacharjee, P. Paul, Sumana Majumder et al.· Journal of Clinical and Diag...· 0 citations
Aim: Acetaminophen overdose has been associated with liver and kidney failure. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of Flueggea virosa on the liver and kidneys in acetaminophen-induced toxicity.
Study Design: Original Paper.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, from March 2026 to May 2026.
Methodology: The methanol fraction of Flueggea virosa (FVMF) was obtained from the hydroethanolic leaf extract. Twenty-five Wistar rats were allocated to five groups of five rats each. Group 1 received distilled water, whereas Groups 2–5 received acetaminophen (1000 mg/kg) on days 1 and 2. Groups 3–5 subsequently received FVMF at 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg, respectively, by oral administration until day 10. Serum samples were obtained, and organs were collected for weighing and histopathological examination on day 11.
Results: No significant reduction was observed in any biochemical parameter (P > 0.05) at the three doses of FVMF, except for ALP (P < 0.05). A slight reduction in BUN (P = 0.337) and no renal lesion were observed at 300 mg/kg; the other doses were associated with lesions in the liver, kidney, and spleen. The measured antioxidant activity of FVMF was higher in the DPPH assay than in the FRAP assay.
Conclusion: Acetaminophen induced liver and kidney toxicity. At the tested doses (300, 150, and 75 mg/kg), FVMF did not ameliorate this toxicity, as no significant reductions in the biochemical parameters were observed between the treated groups and the acetaminophen-only group. Lesions were observed in the examined organs, including the spleen. Under the present experimental conditions, FVMF was not supported as a candidate for managing hepatorenal injury; its reported cytotoxic and anticancer activities require separate evaluation.
Okwulu O. J., R. A. Oguntoye, I. Lawal et al.· International Journal of Bio...· 0 citations
Abstract Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine-derived phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective potential. This study evaluated the effects of PTX on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in rats, with clear differentiation between treatment conditions. Sixty Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control, CCl4-only, PTX-only, and CCl4 followed by PTX (post-treatment model). CCl4 (1 mL/kg, i.p.) induced hepatic injury, while PTX was administered orally (50 mg/kg/day) for seven consecutive days either alone or after CCl4 exposure. CCl4 administration resulted in significant hepatotoxicity, evidenced by elevated serum ALT, AST, and LDH levels (p < 0.001), along with marked reductions in hepatic antioxidant markers (GSH, GPX, and CAT; p < 0.001), and alterations in organ weights and hematological parameters. PTX administered after CCl4 significantly ameliorated liver injury, as demonstrated by reductions in ALT (66.3 U/L, p < 0.001) and AST (184.7 U/L, p < 0.001), and restoration of antioxidant defenses, including GSH (6.70 µmol/g, p < 0.001). In contrast, PTX administered alone did not enhance antioxidant status and was associated with reductions in GSH, GPX, and CAT compared to control (p < 0.05), indicating that its protective effects are context-dependent. Correlation heatmap analysis revealed strong associations between liver enzymes and oxidative stress markers, supporting the mechanistic link between hepatocellular damage and redox imbalance. Hematological alterations induced by CCl4, including monocytosis and neutropenia, were partially normalized following PTX post-treatment. Histopathological findings corroborated the biochemical results, showing improved hepatocyte architecture and reduced inflammatory infiltration in PTX-treated rats. These findings suggest that PTX exerts significant hepatoprotective effects when administered after toxic insult, likely through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Further studies are warranted to optimize dosing strategies and clarify its therapeutic window.
Suhailah S. Aljameel· Brazilian Journal of Biology· 0 citations
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is widely used to induce experimental oxidative liver injury through the generation of free radicals that promote lipid peroxidation and hepatocellular damage. Natural products with antioxidant properties are being explored for their potential to mitigate such injury. This study aimed to evaluate the dose-responsive ameliorative effects of Channa striata extract on hepatic oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in rats following subacute CCl₄ exposure. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control (K1), CCl₄ control (K2), and three treatment groups receiving C. striata extract at 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight/day for two weeks after six weeks of CCl₄ induction (K3–K5). Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Liver histopathology was assessed for hepatocellular necrosis, congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration using a semi-quantitative scoring system. CCl₄ exposure significantly increased hepatic MDA levels and caused severe histopathological damage in the control group. C. striata extract dose-dependently attenuated MDA levels (p < 0.001), with the 200 mg/kg/day group showing the lowest levels (2.80 ± 0.15 vs. 6.65 ± 0.13 nmol/g in CCl₄ control). Histopathological scores for necrosis, congestion, and inflammatory infiltration ameliorated progressively with increasing doses, with median total scores improving from 8.5 (CCl₄ control) to 2.0 (200 mg/kg/day). Channa striata extract demonstrates dose-dependent ameliorative activity against established CCl₄-induced oxidative liver injury, as evidenced by attenuation of lipid peroxidation and mitigation of histopathological damage. Further studies incorporating serum liver enzymes and molecular mechanisms are warranted.
O. Yulizal, Susan Gabriella Br Sinulingga, Yolanda Eliza Putri Lubis· Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan...· 0 citations