A Review of Dementia with Emphasis on Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Dementia is a type of neurocognitive disorder (NCD) among others like delirium, amnesia, and other cognitive disorders due to traumatic brain injury, substance/medication use, HIV infection, prion disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington’s disease, and other medical conditions. Patients usually present with declining cognition and impaired functioning. There are four main types of dementia: Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia. This review emphasizes on Alzheimer’s disease and discusses etiology and risk factors, stages of Alzheimer’s disease, the symptoms, specifiers, prevention, and treatment.