Association of Cardiometabolic Parameters with Sleep Quality and Independence among Older Adults in Gianyar

Abstract

Background: Sleep quality and independence are key indicators of well-being in older adults. Several physiological factors, including blood glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI), may affect these aspects. However, limited studies have explored these associations among the elderly in Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the relationship between selected health factors and sleep quality and independence in older adults in Gianyar Regency. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted with 129 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years. Participants were selected using simple random sampling. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and independence was measured using the Barthel Index. Spearman’s correlation test was used due to the non-normal distribution of data. Results:Blood glucose levels showed significant negative correlations with sleep quality (r = -0.360, p < 0.001) and independence (r = -0.247, p < 0.001). BMI was also negatively correlated with sleep quality (r = -0.189, p = 0.015). Blood pressure demonstrated a positive correlation with independence (r = 0.170, p = 0.030). Cholesterol levels had no significant associations with either outcome. Conclusion: Higher blood glucose and BMI are associated with poorer sleep and reduced independence. These findings emphasize the importance of metabolic and weight control in geriatric health programs to promote healthy aging and functional ability.