Comparative Experimental Analysis of Load and Temperature Effects on Precision Resistors under Different Thermal Stabilization Conditions

Abstract

This paper presents an experimental investigation of self-heating effects in precision resistors under different thermal environments, with a focus on 1 Ω and 10 Ω standards. The study examines resistor behavior under load levels ranging from 2% to 80% of rated power at a controlled ambient temperature of 23 °C. Measurements were performed in both a temperature-controlled oil bath and an air chamber in order to evaluate the influence of heat dissipation conditions. In addition to steady-state analysis, particular attention is given to how resistance and temperature change over time during extended exposure to constant load. Simultaneous monitoring of resistance and internal temperature enabled a detailed assessment of temperature rise (ΔT), resistance variation (ΔR), thermal resistance (RT) and thermal stabilization processes. The results reveal distinct differences between the two environments and highlight the importance of time-dependent effects in understanding self-heating and resistance stability in precision resistors.