A Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Post-Traumatic Pain (2023 Edition)

Abstract

With the rapid modernization of society, the incidence of traumatic events, including traffic accidents, industrial injuries, falls, and burn injuries has increased substantially, leading to a corresponding rise in the prevalence of chronic post-traumatic pain (CPTP). Chronic pain following trauma is predominantly neuropathic in nature, often involving central and peripheral sensitization mechanisms, and imposes a significant burden on patients' physical function, psychological well-being, sleep quality, and overall quality of life. Despite its growing clinical importance and socioeconomic impact, the diagnosis and management of CPTP remain insufficiently standardized across healthcare settings, with considerable variability in assessment tools, treatment protocols, and multidisciplinary coordination. To address this gap, the Expert Panel of the Special Capacity-Building Program for Pain Diagnosis and Treatment, organized by the National Health Commission Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center, systematically reviewed and critically appraised recent domestic and international evidence regarding the classification, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CPTP. High-quality evidence, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical guidelines, and expert consensus statements, was evaluated using the GRADE methodology. Following repeated expert discussions and consensus voting, this guideline was developed to provide evidence-based, actionable recommendations for the standardized diagnosis and multidisciplinary management of CPTP. This guideline covers risk stratification, early intervention strategies, pharmacological and interventional therapies, psychological support, and rehabilitation approaches, with the ultimate aim of improving clinical practice consistency, enhancing patient outcomes, and reducing the long-term disability associated with chronic post-traumatic pain.