Earthquake-triggered cascading hazards under Arctic amplification

Abstract

Significance Arctic warming is rapidly changing the permafrost and glacierized places, yet its influence on earthquake-related hazards remains poorly understood. We investigate a major 2025 Arctic earthquake that triggered a large rock avalanche and glacier burial on Jan Mayen Island using seismic, satellite, infrasound, Global Navigation Satellite System, and climate observations. Our results show how strong seismic shaking can produce cascading impacts across the lithosphere and cryosphere, while long-term climate warming may progressively increase the slope susceptibility to failure. By integrating multiple geophysical monitoring techniques, this study highlights the emerging interactions between climate change and natural hazards in rapidly changing polar environments.