METHODS AND TECHNICAL MEANS FOR DETERMINING TRACTOR TRACTION PERFORMANCE

Abstract

The article presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of existing methods and technical means for assessing the traction performance of tractor equipment. The technical specifications of dynamometers used in Russian and international testing centers are provided. The research revealed that the vast majority of foreign mobile loading device designs were developed for use on a rigid support base, which led to the choice of automotive vehicles as the base platform. They are primarily equipped with hydrostatic or induction braking systems. The advantages of the former include maintaining a stable traction load and the ability to fine-tune. Disadvantages include bulkiness and the need for oil cooling. The advantages of induction brakes include low metal consumption and simple design; the disadvantages include a gradual loss of braking effectiveness due to rotor heating. Domestic traction dynamometers are more versatile – they are suitable for use on both asphalt concrete tracks and on soil. Therefore, the design of most dynamometers is based on a tractor chassis. Transmission braking devices typically utilize DC or AC generators. Advantages include stable transmission load levels, while disadvantages include high metal consumption, significant rotor inertia, and heating of ballast resistors. An analysis of existing mobile loading device designs for tractor traction testing revealed key requirements: they must effectively absorb energy across the entire range of speeds and loads under which the tested tractor operates, as well as provide stable deceleration, maintaining a constant braking force over a long period.