FROM KNOWLEDGE TO MOVEMENT: INTEGRATING VIRTUAL REALITY INTO PSYCHOEDUCATION FOR CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

Abstract

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) often persists due to maladaptive beliefs, fear-avoidance, and central sensitization. Psychoeducation aims to reframe pain understanding and promote self-management, yet conventional formats may lack engagement and experiential depth. This narrative review examines evidence from PubMed and Scopus (2009–2024) on the use of virtual reality (VR) to enhance psychoeducation in CLBP rehabilitation. Three synergistic mechanisms were identified: (1) attention and pain-salience modulation, diverting focus from nociceptive signals and improving learning; (2) embodiment and sensorimotor re-learning, using graded, immersive movement to recalibrate body schema; and (3) psychological engagement and self-efficacy, achieved through interactive feedback and cognitive reframing. VR thus bridges cognitive education with embodied experience, facilitating behavioral change and functional recovery. Integrating VR-enhanced psychoeducation within multidisciplinary programs may optimize outcomes in chronic pain rehabilitation.