From bioactives to personalized nutrition through multi-omics integration in foodomics - A review of recent perspectives towards technology advancements

Abstract

Personalised nutrition and bioactive absorption research have advanced exponentially over the decades, utilising the trans-omics integration of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics to create nextgeneration foodomics. The understanding of dietary bioactives, from food matrix release to biological potency, is contributing to better health and disease prevention. This review has strong potential to discuss the sustainable strategy of profiling plant bioactives, understanding the factors that influence their interactions and assessing how processing affects their health outcomes. Further, newer technological advancements such as single-cell omics mapping nutrient-gene crosstalk, digital twins modelling postprandial reactions, artificial intelligence/machine learning for predictive phenotyping and chronogenomics, all of these refine precision to align with individual health outcomes. Moreover, breakthroughs in digital health technologies and computational analytics, along with multi-omics integration, also allow for highly customized advice with optimal bioactive absorption. However, understanding how dietary inputs translate into molecular and metabolic outcomes, requires examination of the biological and computational mechanisms underlying multi-omics integration. Overall, the advancements offer various chances to comprehend the impact of food on nutritional outcomes at the molecular level through bioactives and the significant heterogeneity in responses bringing about better health systems accessible for all.