Analysis of the Implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA) in brackishwater pond areas of Berau Regency

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA) in brackishwater pond areas of Berau Regency through a comparative study of Suaran Village and Pegat Batumbuk Village. The study employed a comparative-evaluative case study design using a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, field observations, and document review; available water-quality information from the preliminary assessment was used as supporting context. EAA implementation was assessed based on three principles: ecosystem sustainability, welfare and equity, and governance and institutional synergy. The results showed that Suaran Village obtained an EAA score of 2.12, equivalent to 70.7% of the ideal condition, and was classified as moderate, whereas Pegat Batumbuk Village obtained a score of 1.65, equivalent to 54.9%, and was classified as poor. Differences in performance were influenced by the legal status of the area, spatial planning suitability, institutional arrangements, licensing, and the synergy of regional government agencies. Both areas showed strengths in water availability, traditional farming systems, market access, access to capital, and financial feasibility of pond farming. However, several weaknesses persisted, including pesticide use, mangrove conversion, the absence of adequate environmental assessment, suboptimal Good Fish Cultivation Practices (CBIB) certification, and the absence of a formal area management institution. This study demonstrates that the sustainability of brackishwater ponds is shaped not only by technical factors but also by spatial certainty, mangrove protection, institutional strengthening, and sustained multi-stakeholder coordination. Recommended actions include legalizing pond areas, rehabilitating mangroves, reducing pesticide use, and establishing a multi-stakeholder area management institution to support sustainable brackishwater aquaculture in Berau Regency.